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[B624.Ebook] PDF Ebook Moral Time, by Donald Black

PDF Ebook Moral Time, by Donald Black

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Moral Time, by Donald Black

Moral Time, by Donald Black



Moral Time, by Donald Black

PDF Ebook Moral Time, by Donald Black

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Moral Time, by Donald Black

Conflict is ubiquitous and inevitable, but people generally dislike it and try to prevent or avoid it as much as possible. So why do clashes of right and wrong occur? And why are some more serious than others? In Moral Time, sociologist Donald Black presents a new theory of conflict that provides answers to these and many other questions.

The heart of the theory is a completely new concept of social time. Black claims that the root cause of conflict is the movement of social time, including relational, vertical, and cultural time--changes in intimacy, inequality, and diversity. The theory of moral time reveals the causes of conflict in all human relationships, from marital and other close relationships to those between strangers, ethnic groups, and entire societies. Moreover, the theory explains the origins and clash of right and wrong not only in modern societies but across the world and across history, from conflict concerning sexual behavior such as rape, adultery, and homosexuality, to bad manners and dislike in everyday life, theft and other crime, racism, anti-Semitism, anti-Americanism, witchcraft accusations, warfare, heresy, obscenity, creativity, and insanity. Black concludes by explaining the evolution of conflict and morality across human history, from the tribal to the modern age. He also provides surprising insights into the postmodern emergence of the right to happiness and the expanding rights of humans and non-humans across the world.

Moral Time offers an incisive, powerful, and radically new understanding of human conflict--a fundamental and inescapable feature of social life.

  • Sales Rank: #1266083 in Books
  • Published on: 2011-04-14
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 6.40" h x 1.20" w x 9.40" l, 1.14 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 304 pages

Review

"Reading Donald Black is like reading Isaac Newton doing sociology. Clear, fundamental principles underlie the flux of particularities in which we live. In his previous work on law, crime, and morality, Black laid out the geometry of social space and showed how your morality depends on your location in social space. Now he sets the social universe in motion: Conflict is caused by movements of social time, with faster changes across bigger distances causing more severe conflict. Especially striking is Black's geometry of postmodernity, where individuals are intimate with no one but themselves, while media-connected to a global diversity of distant relationships; the result is self-conflict and self-therapy, together with a very abstract altruism toward everyone and everything. This is Donald Black's masterwork of sociological theory." --Randall Collins, Dorothy Swaine Thomas Professor of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania


"Moral Time is a masterpiece which involves a most effective blending of sociological theory with world ethnographic data. As a very well written and highly engaging treatment, this book sees conflict as an ongoing process that is central to human life, and has the great strength of dealing with abstract theory at the same time that it brings in rich and vivid ethnographic detail, drawn from modern and nonliterate societies alike. Black's book will be a milestone in the study of moral behavior." --Christopher Boehm, Professor of Anthropology and Biological Sciences, University of Southern California


"Donald Black has devoted his brilliant career to developing a pure sociology that is independent of psychological, biological, or any other type of individual influences. Moral Time, a stunning theoretical and empirical synthesis of all forms of conflict, culminates his efforts. It is an instant sociological classic." --Allan V. Horwitz, Board of Governors Professor of Sociology, Dean for the Social and Behavioral Sciences, Rutgers University


"With his typical boldness, Black has produced another classic. Moral Time is his attempt at a general theory of conflict, and he succeeds admirably." --Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Books


"This is a great book, on par with or exceeding the value of Black's other classics, The Behavior of Law and The Social Structure of Right and Wrong... No amount of praise can adequately describe the respect it deserves... Moral Time represents a milestone contribution to our understanding of the wellsprings of human conflict."--International Criminal Justice Review


"Black extends his early work on social conflict by developing a new concept of social time, arguing that the root cause of conflict is the movement of social time, including relational, vertical, and cultural time." --Law & Social Inquiry


"Moral Time is an astonishing and audacious book, proposing a theory of all conflict at all times in all places. It is, quite simply, required reading for all serious students of violence, conflict, and morality." --Comptes Rendus


About the Author

Donald Black is University Professor of the Social Sciences at the University of Virginia. He is the author of six books, including The Behavior of Law, Sociological Justice and The Social Structure of Right and Wrong.

Most helpful customer reviews

3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Basic Black
By L. King
Professor Black, who is known for a school of thought he calls "pure sociology", proposes that aberrant behaviour occurs due to stress caused by change across 3 dimensions: intimacy, hierarchical relations (stratification) and diversity, either too much or too little of each. The last category is refined further into traditional/non-traditional, race/homogeneity, and innovation (in art, science, culture) vs sameness. In each section of this relatively short book (152 pages with an additional 160 pages of references) he introduces his terms and then gives extensive and interesting examples or how changes in status create conflict between different members of a society.

The examples come from a large variety of human cultures and the book is impressive on this basis alone - there's behaviour considered normal in any one culture that would offend in many others. However, as to the theory itself I remain unconvinced and though the number of examples is overwhelming he has not entirely made his case because he fails to consider counterexamples. For example, Black states that each of his dimensions are zero sum experiences - that if one increases intimacy with one person one reduces intimacy with another, that if one person rises (or falls) in a hierarchy that others are lowered. However if two individuals who are not in love with anyone fall in love there is a net increase in intimacy. Black argues that having children reduces intimacy between partners, which sounds like sour grapes, but (in my experience) it changes the nature of that intimacy and ultimately increases one's capacity to love. The same can be true of wealth - if one creates a new product or method, or creates a piece of art, then that may enrich the originator but there is also the possibility of enriching countless others. Whereas Prof. Black tries to give his theory the aura of hard science by using the analogy of a temporal dimension and a conservation law, IMV the zero-sum hypothesis aspect fails because he is unable to assign a numeric scale to the degree of difference or the rate of change. If one can't measure then one cannot declare a balance of zero.

However the notion that changes in social distance is more likely to cause conflict than actual distance is very attractive though he might have taken this further by looking into the rate of change as a factor. Great examples, though some are just interesting and don't relate to the theory. in many cultures (the middle Ages in Europe, the American South vis a vis blacks, the Qing Dynasty in China, the Zapotec Indians of Mexico to name a few) there were written and unwritten codes the made it a crime to act "uppity", either in the presence of one's social "betters" or, as in the case of and egalitarian group such union workers, being too enthusiastic or productive. Inuit, Botswana Bushmen and the Buid of Malaysia are all highly egalitarian, disapproving of those with greater success in a hunt. In Andalusia Spain being a peeping tom is considered a crime of over familiarity - men apparently will do it in groups for protection, but males close to the victim will liken it to rape and feel justified in reacting violently. Pueblo Indians would execute those who would reveal their ritual secrets - overexposure - but consider the US government imprisons and has executed spies for similar reasons.

Because of the focus on negative rather than positive conflict an outsider might despair at the human condition. However what I find more plausible is that Black's theories may serve as framework for exceptional cases of overreaction. At the very end Black advocates for a global morality as a higher plane of existence. It's an attractive article of faith, but not well enough argued.

I'm undecided as yet on the long term value of his sociology but the writing is interesting enough to give it further consideration. The fascinating anthropology brings my rating up to 4*.

8 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
Moral Time changes everything
By James Tucker
What do crime, law, racism, witchcraft, the Ten Commandments, bad manners, virtue, LSD trips, economic success, and insanity have in common? In MORAL TIME, Donald Black shows how all of these diverse behaviors, ideas, and prohibitions (and many, many more) represent either movements or attempts to limit movements in "social time," a newly discovered dimension of social reality that reflects the dynamic fluctuation of relational, vertical, and cultural space. No other social scientific theory explains more with less. And no other social scientific theory is illustrated with such fascinating examples from across history and around the world. MORAL TIME is an intellectual feast and a captivating read for specialists (including sociologists, criminologists, psychologists, and philosophers) as well as general readers.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
The sociological nature of morality
By Bradley Campbell
MORAL TIME addresses an issue at the heart of sociology, criminology, and related fields: why moral conflict occurs, why anything is defined as deviant or criminal. The answer is that movements of social time cause conflicts. SOCIAL TIME, in Black's terminology, refers to fluctuations of SOCIAL SPACE, which itself consists of fundamental sociological properties such as intimacy, stratification, and diversity. Conflict is thus the result of changes in intimacy (such as when someone begins or ends a new relationship), stratification (such as when someone obtains or loses a job), and diversity (such as when someone accepts a new religion or rejects an old one). And bigger and faster changes cause more conflict. Rape, for example, is a sudden increase in intimacy. It is deviant, and a rape by a stranger is even more deviant - punished more severely - since a greater increase in intimacy is involved.

MORAL TIME thus offers a framework for explaining both the occurrence of conflict (when people define something as deviant) and the severity of conflict (how deviant deviant behavior is). It also offers a framework for classifying deviance. All deviant behaviors - from crimes to bad manners - are movements of social time. Not only rape, but trespass, incest, masturbation, voyeurism, nudity, adultery, and lying involve changes in intimacy. Robbery, slander, homicide, insubordination, and even success involve changes in stratification. Heresy, blasphemy, proselytizing, and cross-dressing involve changes in diversity. Black examines these offenses (and many more) in light of the theory. The result is an amazingly wide-ranging cross-cultural and historical account of crime and deviance - one that addresses such seemingly disconnected topics as the incest taboo, Jim Crow laws in the early 20th century American South, the Holocaust, the belief in the "evil eye" in many tribal societies, the music of Kurt Cobain, the modern human rights movements, and much more. Sociologists, criminologists, and anyone interested in conflict and morality should find MORAL TIME valuable.

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